For classic American-style waffles, I’d choose the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 as the best overall fit: its round format and adjustable browning suit familiar recipes without adding a complicated workflow. The CucinaPro and FineMade are standout options if you specifically want thinner, 7-inch waffles, while Breville’s four-slice models suit households that value batch size and more controls. The main tradeoff is between traditional thin waffles and thicker Belgian-style pockets, alongside capacity, countertop space, and ease of cleaning. Read on for how each model fits a different kind of classic-waffle routine.
Get baking supplies delivered free — and shop member deals
- Fast, free delivery on millions of items
- Access to Prime Big Deal Days deals on October 6–7
- Prime Video, Amazon Music and more included
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- The Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 leads for classic recipe fit because its round iron and five browning settings align with the familiar American-style format.
- CucinaPro and FineMade target thin, 7-inch waffles; their shape and depth suit buyers who want a less-pocketed result than Belgian-style machines produce.
- Breville’s four-slice models prioritize batch cooking, but their added capacity and controls make more sense for frequent family breakfasts than occasional single servings.
- BLACK+DECKER’s listed Belgian-style model is a style mismatch for shoppers specifically seeking classic thin American waffles, even if it may suit thicker-waffle preferences.
- Premium features do not automatically improve a simple recipe: adjustable browning and larger capacity matter more than extra automation when the goal is a straightforward classic waffle.
| american style waffle makers for classic recipe | Model |
|---|---|
| BLACK+DECKER WMB500 Belgian-St | — |
| Breville BWM604BSS Smart Squar | — |
| Breville The Smart Waffle™ Pro | BWM620XL |
| Breville BWM640XL Smart 4-Slic | BWM640XL |
| All-Clad Stainless Steel Waffl | — |
| CucinaPro Waffle Maker | — |
| Cuisinart Waffle Maker | WMR-CAP2 |
| BLACK+DECKER Rotating Waffle M | WMD200B |
| FineMade 7‑inch Classic Round | Classic Waffle Maker |
More Details on Our Top Picks
BLACK+DECKER WMB500 Belgian-Style Waffle Maker
For cooks who want a thicker, Belgian-style waffle without a countertop appliance built for a crowd, this BLACK+DECKER keeps the format simple: it makes one 7.25-inch round waffle and stores upright. Its nonstick plates help with release and routine cleanup, while the cool-touch handle and ready light keep basic operation straightforward. Compared with the four-slice Breville BWM604BSS, it takes longer to serve several people, but occupies a more modest role for smaller batches and kitchens with limited storage. The tradeoff is less control: there is no adjustable temperature setting, so it offers fewer ways to tune browning for different batters. It also makes Belgian-style waffles rather than the thinner, more traditional American style, so buyers focused on classic thin waffles should look at the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 or CucinaPro instead.
Pros:- Makes a 7.25-inch round Belgian-style waffle
- Nonstick plates support easier release and cleanup
- Cool-touch handle and ready indicator light simplify basic use
- Vertical storage takes less cabinet space than a wide four-slice model
Cons:- Single-waffle capacity slows breakfast for families or guests
- No adjustable temperature control for choosing a preferred browning level
- Belgian-style waffles do not match the thinner American-style recipe focus
Best for: Small households wanting occasional Belgian-style waffles and a maker that can stand upright between uses.
Not ideal for: Buyers seeking thin, classic American waffles, adjustable browning, or enough output to serve a group quickly.
- Waffle size:7.25 inches
- Waffle style:Belgian-style
- Plate material:Nonstick
- Handle:Cool-touch
- Indicator:Ready indicator light
- Storage:Vertical
Our verdict“Choose this for compact storage and occasional Belgian-style waffles, not for thin American classics or batch cooking.”
Breville BWM604BSS Smart Square Waffle Maker, 4 Slice Capacity, Brushed Stainless Steel
The BWM604BSS earns its place for cooks who want four waffles at once and control over how dark they come out. Customizable browning and even heat distribution suit households where people prefer different finishes, while the no-mess moat catches overflow before batter spreads across the counter. Against the Breville BWM620XL, this model is the more practical choice when serving several people matters more than compact size; the two-slice Pro gives more detailed automation but produces a smaller batch. The BWM604BSS’s 1800-watt draw is a tradeoff, and its four-slice capacity still may not keep pace with a large gathering. Its square format and feature set suit reliable family breakfasts, though buyers whose priority is thin, traditional American-style waffles should compare it with the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 or CucinaPro rather than assume every waffle maker matches that classic profile.
Pros:- Four-slice capacity serves several people per batch
- Customizable darkness settings offer control over browning
- Even heat distribution supports consistent results across the cooking surface
- No-mess moat helps contain batter overflow
Cons:- 1800-watt power draw is relatively high
- Four-waffle capacity may be insufficient for large gatherings
- Larger batch-oriented design is less suited to occasional single servings
Best for: Families or shared households that want four waffles per batch and adjustable browning for different preferences.
Not ideal for: Small kitchens, cooks who mainly make one or two waffles, or buyers prioritizing lower power use and thin American-style waffles.
- Brand:Breville
- Capacity:4 slices
- Power:1800 watts
- Voltage:110–120 volts
- Material:Cast aluminum
- Cooking features:Customizable darkness settings, even heat distribution, and no-mess moat
- Surface:Nonstick
- Warranty:1-year limited
Our verdict“Pick the BWM604BSS for adjustable, four-waffle family batches, while classic thin-waffle seekers should compare its style with round American-style models.”
Breville The Smart Waffle™ Pro 2-Slice Waffle Maker, BWM620XL, Brushed Stainless Steel
For cooks who want to fine-tune each batch, the BWM620XL pairs 12 browning settings with automatic cooking adjustments and a “a bit more” button. That range makes it easier to pursue a lighter finish or a darker, crisper waffle than with the BLACK+DECKER WMB500, which has no adjustable temperature control. Its two-slice capacity is the key compromise: the four-slice Breville BWM640XL is a better match for feeding a group, but the Pro is less focused on batch volume and more on dialing in results. The no-mess moat helps contain spillover, and the PFOA-free nonstick coating supports easier cleanup. Its advanced controls may take time to learn, and the feature-rich approach is more than a casual cook needs. It is a capable precision pick, though its waffle format may not match the thinner American-style classics as closely as the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2.
Pros:- 12 browning settings provide fine control over color
- Automatic cooking adjustments support different waffle styles
- “A bit more” button allows extra cooking without restarting the process
- No-mess moat and PFOA-free nonstick coating aid cleanup
Cons:- Two-slice capacity is slower for families than the Breville four-slice models
- Multiple controls may involve a learning curve
- Advanced features may be unnecessary for cooks who want a basic classic waffle iron
Best for: Waffle enthusiasts cooking small batches who want multiple browning choices and automated adjustments.
Not ideal for: Families needing four waffles per batch, cooks who prefer simple controls, or shoppers focused specifically on thin American-style waffles.
- Model:BWM620XL
- Color:Brushed stainless steel
- Capacity:2 slices
- Browning settings:12
- Nonstick coating:PFOA-free
- Controls:Intelligent automation and “a bit more” button
- Cooking feature:No-mess moat
- Warranty:1-year limited
Our verdict“Choose the Smart Waffle Pro for small batches and precise browning control, not for high-volume service or the simplest classic American-style setup.”
Breville BWM640XL Smart 4-Slice Waffle Maker, Silver
The BWM640XL is aimed at cooks who want a four-slice batch with more cooking control than a basic family waffle iron. Customizable settings, an automatic timer, and indicator lights help manage the cooking process, while even heat distribution is intended to produce crisp, golden waffles across the plate. Compared with the two-slice Breville BWM620XL, it is the stronger fit for serving several people; the Pro offers more browning settings but gives up half the batch capacity. A moat for batter overflow supports tidier cooking, though the 14.3-pound build and 15.5-inch width make storage less convenient than the upright BLACK+DECKER WMB500. It is still limited to four slices, so large gatherings can require repeated batches. Its feature set favors convenience and volume, but buyers seeking thin American-style waffles should check the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 or CucinaPro’s style before choosing.
Pros:- Four-slice capacity is suited to family batches
- Customizable settings allow adjustments to batter and browning
- Automatic timer and indicator lights help guide cooking
- Moat helps contain batter overflow
Cons:- At 14.3 pounds, it is heavy to move and store
- 15.5-inch width takes substantial space
- Four-slice output can mean repeated batches for larger gatherings
Best for: Households that regularly cook four waffles at a time and want timed cooking with adjustable settings.
Not ideal for: People with limited counter or cabinet space, large-group hosts, or buyers who want a compact iron for thin American-style waffles.
- Brand:Breville
- Model:BWM640XL
- Capacity:4 slices
- Material:Stainless steel and die-cast aluminum
- Timer:Yes
- Indicator light:Yes
- Dimensions:5.75 in H x 15.5 in W x 12 in D
- Weight:14.3 lbs
- Warranty:1-year limited
Our verdict“Choose this premium Breville when four-slice capacity and timed control outweigh its heavy, wide footprint.”
All-Clad Stainless Steel Waffle Maker – 4 Section, Nonstick, Adjustable Browning, Dishwasher Safe
The All-Clad stands out among the four-section options for removable, dishwasher-safe plates, a useful distinction for cooks who make waffles often and want cleanup to be less hands-on. It produces four deep-pocket waffles at a time and offers six browning levels, giving households meaningful control without the 12-setting range of the two-slice Breville BWM620XL. Signals for adding batter and removing waffles also make its basic sequence clear. The tradeoff is its footprint: upright storage helps, but it may still be bulky for a small kitchen. Compared with the Breville BWM640XL, All-Clad’s strongest case is plate removal and dishwasher cleaning; the supplied details do not specify the same automatic timer. Deep-pocket waffles also differ from thinner American classics, so shoppers focused on that style may prefer the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 or CucinaPro instead.
Pros:- Makes four deep-pocket waffles simultaneously
- Six browning levels allow adjustments to waffle color
- Removable nonstick plates are dishwasher safe
- Upright storage helps organize the appliance between uses
Cons:- Bulky design may be difficult to fit in a small kitchen
- Deep-pocket waffle style may not suit thin American-style recipes
- Requires storage room even when kept upright
Best for: Frequent waffle makers who want four waffles per batch, selectable browning, and removable plates for dishwasher cleanup.
Not ideal for: Small-kitchen cooks with little storage room or buyers specifically seeking thin, traditional American-style waffles.
- Power:1600 watts
- Capacity:4 waffles
- Waffle style:Deep-pocket
- Plate material:Nonstick
- Browning levels:6
- Plate design:Removable and dishwasher safe
- Signals:Signals when to pour batter and when waffles are ready
- Storage:Upright
Our verdict“Pick the All-Clad for four-portion batches and dishwasher-safe removable plates, provided its size and deep-pocket style suit your kitchen and recipes.”
CucinaPro Waffle Maker – Griddle Makes 7‑Inch Thin American‑Style Waffles
The CucinaPro is the clearest fit here for cooks who want thin, 7-inch American-style waffles rather than Belgian-style pockets. Its adjustable temperature dial gives you control over browning, while the non-stick plates help waffles release without fuss. Compared with the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2, which makes a larger round waffle with deep pockets, this model stays closer to a thinner, more traditional everyday style. Its upright storage and cord wrap also make it easier to tuck away than a countertop-first rotating maker such as the BLACK+DECKER WMD200B. The tradeoffs are a one-waffle-at-a-time pace and no indicator lights or timer, so cooking takes more attention. I’d choose it for the specific waffle style, not for high-volume breakfasts.
Pros:- Makes thin 7-inch American-style waffles rather than thick Belgian-style waffles
- Adjustable temperature dial lets cooks tailor browning
- Non-stick plates support easy release and simpler cleanup
- Upright storage and built-in cord wrap save cabinet and counter space
Cons:- Single-waffle capacity can slow breakfast for groups
- No built-in timer or indicator lights to guide cooking
- Not designed for thick Belgian-style waffles
Best for: Cooks who prefer thin, crisp-edged American waffles and want adjustable browning with compact upright storage
Not ideal for: Belgian-waffle fans or larger households that need to cook several waffles quickly
- Waffle style:7-inch thin American-style
- Power:1400 watts
- Voltage:120 volts
- Dimensions:5 in D × 7 in W × 9 in H
- Weight:2.5 lb
- Cooking surface:Non-stick plates
- Storage:Upright design with cord wrap
- Housing:Brushed stainless steel
Our verdict“Choose the CucinaPro if thin American-style waffles and easy storage matter more to you than batch speed or automated cooking cues.”
Cuisinart Waffle Maker, 1250W Round Classic Waffle Iron, 5-Setting Adjustable Browning Control, WMR-CAP2, Brushed Stainless
The Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 suits buyers who want a round, classic waffle with deep pockets for butter, fruit, or syrup. Five browning settings make it easier to adjust the finish than on the FineMade, which lists a preheat indicator but no browning control. Its one-inch pockets also give toppings more room than the thinner waffles from the CucinaPro. Indicator lights make operation more straightforward, and the three-year warranty adds a clear ownership detail absent from the other products in this batch. That deeper format is not the same as a thin American-style waffle, though, and the single-waffle capacity limits serving speed. There is no digital temperature control, either. I’d rank it for buyers who prize a traditional round shape and topping-friendly depth over thinness or faster batch cooking.
Pros:- Five browning settings offer a useful range of finish options
- One-inch-deep pockets hold toppings more readily than thin-style waffles
- Indicator lights make the cooking process easier to follow
- Upright storage and a three-year warranty are practical ownership advantages
Cons:- Makes only one waffle at a time
- No digital temperature control
- Deep-pocket waffles may not suit buyers who prefer a thin American style
Best for: Households that want round, deep-pocket waffles with several browning choices and simple indicator-light guidance
Not ideal for: Cooks seeking thin American-style waffles or a multi-waffle iron for serving a crowd
- Model:WMR-CAP2
- Waffle type:Round classic waffle iron
- Power:1250 watts
- Browning control:5 settings
- Pocket depth:1 in
- Material:Brushed stainless steel
- Storage:Stands upright
- Warranty:3 years
Our verdict“Pick the Cuisinart if you want a round, topping-friendly waffle and adjustable browning, and can accept one-at-a-time cooking.”
BLACK+DECKER Rotating Waffle Maker, Black, WMD200B
The BLACK+DECKER WMD200B is the outlier in this group: its rotating system and deep Belgian-style grids favor thick waffles, not the thin American rounds promised by this roundup. Rotation helps spread batter across the grids, while dual indicator lights and a drip tray support more controlled cooking and tidier cleanup. That makes it a better match for Belgian-style results than the CucinaPro, which is specifically built for thin waffles, or the classic round Cuisinart WMR-CAP2. The difference is also the reason to skip it if classic thin waffles are your priority. It needs preheating for best results, and the handle lock and flipping motion may take effort. I’d include it for readers willing to trade style fidelity for a rotating, deep-pocket waffle maker.
Pros:- Rotating design helps distribute batter across the grids
- Makes thick Belgian-style waffles with deep pockets
- Non-stick coating and drip tray support easier cleanup
- Dual indicator lights provide cooking cues
Cons:- Belgian-style output does not match a thin American-waffle preference
- Requires preheating for best results
- Handle locking and flipping may require extra effort
Best for: Buyers who prefer thick Belgian-style waffles and want a rotating design with a drip tray
Not ideal for: Shoppers focused on thin American-style waffles or anyone who wants to avoid flipping and locking a rotating iron
- Model:WMD200B
- Waffle type:Belgian-style
- Color:Black
- Cooking system:Rotating
- Grid:Deep non-stick grids
- Indicators:Dual indicator lights
- Cleanup feature:Drip tray
- Model number:WMD200B
Our verdict“Choose this model only if thick Belgian-style waffles appeal more to you than the roundup’s classic thin American style.”
FineMade 7‑inch Classic Round Waffle Maker, Non‑stick, Black
The FineMade is a compact choice for buyers who want a 7-inch classic round waffle without a large appliance footprint. Its preheat indicator and cool-touch handle provide straightforward cues and handling, while the PFOA-free non-stick coating is designed for wipe-clean maintenance. Unlike the CucinaPro, it does not list an adjustable temperature dial, so it gives up browning flexibility for simpler operation. It is also less suited to topping-heavy, deep-pocket waffles than the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2. The product information describes a single-plate design and only one waffle per cycle, so it is best for modest portions rather than batch cooking. The included brush and recipe booklet add useful starting accessories, but the limited cooking capacity remains the main compromise.
Pros:- Compact footprint suits small kitchens and drawer storage
- Preheat indicator shows when the unit is ready
- Cool-touch handle supports safer opening
- PFOA-free non-stick coating is designed for wipe-clean care
Cons:- One-waffle capacity limits batch cooking
- No adjustable browning control is listed
- Its classic round format is less suited to buyers seeking deep Belgian-style pockets
Best for: Apartment cooks and occasional waffle makers who need a compact 7-inch round iron with simple preheat guidance
Not ideal for: Families cooking several waffles at once or buyers who want adjustable browning and deep pockets
- Brand:FineMade
- Model:Classic Waffle Maker
- Waffle size:7 in
- Waffle shape:Classic round
- Coating:PFOA-free non-stick
- Handle:Cool-touch
- Included components:Brush and recipe booklet
- Quantity:1 waffle maker
Our verdict“Choose the FineMade for a compact, straightforward classic round waffle maker, but skip it if you need adjustable browning or faster output.”
How We Picked
I ranked these makers by how well their format suits classic American-style recipes, giving preference to round or thin-waffle designs over models identified as Belgian-style. I also weighed practical factors that shape everyday results: browning control, capacity, ease of operation, maintenance claims, and whether the machine’s added complexity has a clear use.
The order reflects fit rather than feature count. The Cuisinart earns the lead for balancing a classic round form with adjustable browning; the dedicated thin-waffle CucinaPro and FineMade follow for buyers who want that specific result. Breville and All-Clad bring more capacity or premium construction, but those advantages matter most to frequent cooks and larger households. Models aimed at Belgian-style waffles or rotating operation rank lower for this particular recipe brief, not because those formats are inherently worse.
| american style waffle makers for classic recipe | Model |
|---|---|
| BLACK+DECKER WMB500 Belgian-St | — |
| Breville BWM604BSS Smart Squar | — |
| Breville The Smart Waffle™ Pro | BWM620XL |
| Breville BWM640XL Smart 4-Slic | BWM640XL |
| All-Clad Stainless Steel Waffl | — |
| CucinaPro Waffle Maker | — |
| Cuisinart Waffle Maker | WMR-CAP2 |
| BLACK+DECKER Rotating Waffle M | WMD200B |
| FineMade 7‑inch Classic Round | Classic Waffle Maker |
Factors to Consider When Choosing American Style Waffle Makers For Classic Recipes
Before choosing a machine, decide what “classic” means at your breakfast table. Batter recipes vary, but waffle depth, batch size, and browning control can change the result as much as the recipe itself. These choices help separate a genuinely useful fit from a machine with features you may rarely use.
Match the Grid to the Waffle You Want
American-style waffles are often thinner and less deeply pocketed than Belgian-style waffles, but the label alone does not tell you exactly how a model will cook. Check the maker’s stated style, plate shape, and waffle dimensions before buying. A deeper grid can hold more toppings, yet it may produce a different texture and batter-to-crust balance than a family’s familiar recipe expects. A thin, round design is a safer choice when preserving a traditional result matters more than maximizing pocket depth. If your household enjoys both styles, decide which one you make most often rather than assuming one machine will match every recipe equally well.
Choose Capacity Around Your Serving Rhythm
Capacity affects the pace of breakfast, not just how many waffles fit in the machine. A four-section model can help when several people eat together, while a single-waffle iron may suit a smaller kitchen or a household that cooks in short batches. Think about whether everyone wants to eat at once: cooking one waffle at a time can leave early servings waiting, even if the machine is compact. On the other hand, a larger unit takes up more counter and storage space when it is not in use. Avoid buying extra capacity for occasional gatherings unless you have room to store the appliance and a regular reason to use it.
Treat Browning Controls as a Recipe Tool
Different batters brown at different rates, so an adjustable control can help when you switch between a basic buttermilk recipe and mixtures with more sugar or whole grains. More settings are useful only if you are willing to adjust them; a simple routine may call for a straightforward dial rather than a feature-rich interface. Start with the recipe’s suggested cooking cues, then use the machine’s controls to tune crispness to your preference. Do not assume a higher setting always means a better waffle, since extra browning can dry the interior. If multiple people use the maker, favor controls that are easy to understand and repeat.
Balance Cleanup Against Appliance Complexity
Waffle batter can collect around plate edges, so the shape of the cooking surface and the manufacturer’s cleaning guidance matter after breakfast. Nonstick surfaces may reduce sticking, but they still call for careful handling and cleaning according to the manual. Removable or dishwasher-safe parts can save effort, though they do not guarantee that every crevice is easy to reach. Consider where you will cool, wipe, and store the appliance before choosing a larger or more elaborate model. A machine that is simple to maintain may get used more often than one whose extra controls add little to your regular recipe.
Pay for Features You Will Use Often
Premium construction, expanded capacity, and additional cooking controls can be worthwhile when waffles are a frequent meal or you regularly cook for a group. For occasional weekend use, a dedicated classic-style iron may offer a closer match with less complexity. Separate the features that improve your actual routine from those that merely look impressive on a specification list. Build and finish can matter for long-term kitchen use, but they do not change a Belgian-style grid into a thin American-style one. Choose the least complicated machine that meets your preferred waffle style, batch size, and browning needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will a Belgian-style waffle maker work with my classic American waffle recipe?
It can cook the batter, but the result may be thicker and more deeply pocketed than the waffle you expect from a classic American recipe. That change can affect texture, topping capacity, and how quickly the center cooks. If matching a familiar thin or moderately shallow waffle is your priority, choose a maker explicitly described for that style. If you enjoy both formats, a Belgian-style machine may still be useful, but expect the finished waffle to differ. Check the machine’s format rather than relying on the recipe name alone.
Should I choose a one-waffle iron or a four-section model for family breakfasts?
Base the decision on how many people need to eat at the same time and how often you cook waffles. A four-section machine can shorten batch time for a family, but it takes more counter and storage space. A one-waffle iron can be a sensible fit for a small household or occasional use, though servings may come out in sequence. If everyone prefers waffles hot together, capacity deserves more weight than compactness. For mixed schedules, a smaller machine may be easier to live with than an oversized appliance used only on holidays.
Does adjustable browning matter if I use one waffle recipe?
It can still help you tune the balance between a paler, softer waffle and a darker, crisper one. A single recipe may brown differently as ingredients, batter temperature, or portion size vary. If you are content with one repeatable result, a basic control may be all you need. Multiple settings are more useful when preferences differ among household members or you rotate among recipes. Treat the control as a way to adjust the finish, not as a substitute for following the recipe’s cooking cues.
Are thin 7-inch waffle makers a better match for classic recipes than larger machines?
They are a strong match when you want a thinner, round waffle and a defined serving size. Their smaller format does not automatically make them better for every kitchen: larger households may prefer more cooking area per batch. The CucinaPro and FineMade are specifically presented as 7-inch thin-waffle options, while several other models emphasize multiple sections or Belgian-style cooking. Check the number of waffles you need and the storage space available before choosing by diameter alone. Recipe style and meal pace should guide the decision together.
When is a premium waffle maker worth choosing over a simpler classic iron?
A premium machine makes more sense when you will regularly use its capacity, controls, or construction advantages. For frequent batch cooking, a larger model can make breakfast easier to manage; for a simple classic recipe made occasionally, a dedicated round iron may be a closer and simpler fit. Extra features do not guarantee a better match for thin American-style waffles if the cooking format is different. Consider how often the appliance will be used and whether its added functions solve a real problem in your kitchen. Paying for unused complexity is unlikely to improve an otherwise straightforward waffle routine.
Conclusion
Best overall: I’d pick the Cuisinart WMR-CAP2 for its classic round format and adjustable browning. Best value-minded fit: the FineMade suits buyers who want a straightforward 7-inch thin waffle without prioritizing a large batch size. Best premium: Breville’s four-slice options make the most sense for frequent family breakfasts and cooks who will use their added capacity and controls. Best for beginners: CucinaPro’s clearly stated thin, 7-inch American-style format gives new waffle makers a direct match for the style they asked for. Best for a specific need: choose All-Clad for a four-section stainless-steel design, or the BLACK+DECKER rotating model if turning the waffle during cooking is part of your preference. I would skip the Belgian-style BLACK+DECKER WMB500 if matching a classic thin American waffle is the deciding factor.
Halloween Picks
halloween
As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.
