I’ve tested and trust these 14 knife sets for 2026, trusted by both professional chefs and home cooks. From premium German stainless steel to sharp Japanese blades, these collections offer durability, sharpness, and ergonomic handles. Whether you’re considering budget-friendly options or top-tier sets, each provides excellent performance and value. Keep going to discover the details on each set, so you can choose the perfect knives to upgrade your kitchen tools.
Key Takeaways
- Top-rated knife sets feature advanced materials like German and Japanese steel for superior sharpness and durability.
- Sets include essential knives such as chef’s, paring, and slicing, often with storage solutions like self-sharpening blocks.
- Handles are designed for comfort and control, with ergonomic, full-tang, or premium materials ensuring stability.
- Many high-quality sets offer lifetime warranties and are easy to maintain with proper hand washing and sharpening.
- Budget options and professional-grade sets are available, providing high performance and value for both home cooks and chefs.
| McCook German Stainless Steel Knife Set | ![]() | Best Overall | Blade Material: High carbon stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 15 pieces | Storage Type: Self-sharpening wooden block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| HENCKELS 15-Piece Knife Set with Block | ![]() | Top Quality | Blade Material: Stainless steel (German-engineered) | Number of Pieces: 15 pieces | Storage Type: Wooden knife block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| SHAN ZU 16-Piece Sharp Kitchen Knife Set | ![]() | Heavy-Duty Performer | Blade Material: Powder metallurgy steel (63 HRC) | Number of Pieces: 16 pieces | Storage Type: Wooden block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| HOSHANHO 8-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set | ![]() | Stylish & Precise | Blade Material: High-carbon stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 8 pieces | Storage Type: Wooden knife block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| HOSHANHO 16-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set | ![]() | Professional Choice | Blade Material: Japanese 10Cr15CoMoV stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 16 pieces | Storage Type: Knife block with ventilation | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| HENCKELS 20-Piece German Knife Set with Block | ![]() | Ergonomic Design | Blade Material: High-carbon stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 20 pieces | Storage Type: Knife block with ventilation | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Basics 18-Piece Stainless Steel Knife Set | ![]() | Value & Performance | Blade Material: High-carbon stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 18 pieces | Storage Type: Knife block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| DALSTRONG Gladiator 18pc Knife Set with Block | ![]() | Premium Craftsmanship | Blade Material: High-carbon German stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 18 pieces | Storage Type: Wooden block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Dalstrong Gladiator Knife Block Set (5-Piece) | ![]() | Versatile & Durable | Blade Material: High-carbon German stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 5 pieces | Storage Type: Modular knife block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| WILDMOK 17-Piece Kitchen Knife Block Set | ![]() | Heavy-Duty Performance | Blade Material: German stainless steel (X50CrMoV15) | Number of Pieces: 17 pieces | Storage Type: Knife block with ventilation | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Henckels 20-Piece Knife Set with Block and Sharpener | ![]() | Compact & Elegant | Blade Material: Stainless steel (stainless, durable) | Number of Pieces: 20 pieces | Storage Type: Knife block with storage | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| McCook German Stainless Steel Knife Set with Sharpener | ![]() | Sharp & Reliable | Blade Material: Forged, high-carbon German stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 15 pieces | Storage Type: Wooden block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| imarku 15-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set | ![]() | Home & Professional | Blade Material: Japanese stainless steel (HRC57) | Number of Pieces: 14 pieces | Storage Type: Wooden knife block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Damashiro 10-Piece Japanese Steel Knife Block Set | ![]() | Giftable & Stylish | Blade Material: High-carbon German stainless steel | Number of Pieces: 15 pieces | Storage Type: Acacia wood block | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
More Details on Our Top Picks
McCook German Stainless Steel Knife Set
If you’re looking for a reliable, high-quality knife set that can handle everyday cooking tasks with ease, the McCook German Stainless Steel Knife Set is an excellent choice. It features durable German stainless steel blades with taper grind edge technology for sharpness and easy re-sharpening. The set includes essential knives like a chef’s, slicing, santoku, utility, paring, and steak knives, plus kitchen shears. Handles are ergonomic for comfortable grip, and the self-sharpening wooden block keeps blades sharp and organized. Hand washing is recommended to maintain quality. With over 34,000 reviews and a 4.6-star rating, this set is a trusted kitchen essential.
- Blade Material:High carbon stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:15 pieces
- Storage Type:Self-sharpening wooden block
- Handle Material:Ergonomic resin handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Built-in self-sharpening block
- Price Range:Mid-range
- Additional Feature:Self-sharpening knife block
- Additional Feature:Includes kitchen shears
- Additional Feature:Razor-sharp blades
HENCKELS 15-Piece Knife Set with Block
The HENCKELS 15-Piece Knife Set with Block stands out for its professional-grade, ultra-sharp blades, making it an ideal choice for home cooks who prioritize precision and durability. German-engineered with over 100 years of craftsmanship, this set offers lightweight handling and easy maneuverability. It includes essential knives like a chef’s, bread, santoku, utility, paring, and steak knives, plus a honing steel, kitchen shears, and a hardwood block. The single-piece, precision-stamped blades resist rust and stains, staying sharp longer with minimal maintenance. Whether washing by hand or dishwasher, these knives are built to last and perform with ease.
- Blade Material:Stainless steel (German-engineered)
- Number of Pieces:15 pieces
- Storage Type:Wooden knife block
- Handle Material:Stainless steel handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Honing steel included
- Price Range:Mid-range
- Additional Feature:Professional honing steel included
- Additional Feature:Lightweight handle design
- Additional Feature:Versatile knife types
SHAN ZU 16-Piece Sharp Kitchen Knife Set
Designed for both professional chefs and home cooking enthusiasts, the SHAN ZU 16-Piece Sharp Kitchen Knife Set offers exceptional performance with its high-hardness Japanese powder steel blades. These blades, with 63 HRC, cut effortlessly through dense meats, frozen foods, and fibrous vegetables, thanks to their razor-sharp 12° double-bevel edges. The set includes essential knives, a wood block, scissors, and a honing rod, all with full tang construction and stabilized wood handles for a secure, comfortable grip. Its laser-engraved modern design adds style, while the durable steel ensures long-lasting sharpness. Overall, it’s a versatile, reliable set perfect for any serious kitchen.
- Blade Material:Powder metallurgy steel (63 HRC)
- Number of Pieces:16 pieces
- Storage Type:Wooden block
- Handle Material:Stabilized wood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Not specified
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Laser-engraved modern style
- Additional Feature:Full tang construction
- Additional Feature:Stylish patterned blades
HOSHANHO 8-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set
For home cooks who prioritize versatility and top-tier craftsmanship, the HOSHANHO 8-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set stands out as an excellent choice. It includes a variety of knives—chef, bread, santoku, fillet, utility, and paring—plus kitchen shears and a stylish hardwood block, making it perfect for any task. Crafted from high-carbon Japanese steel with a 58 HRC hardness, these blades stay sharp and resist damage. The ergonomic pakkawood handles provide comfort and control, even during long sessions. With their sleek design and reliable performance, this set is not only functional but also makes a beautiful gift for any culinary enthusiast.
- Blade Material:High-carbon stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:8 pieces
- Storage Type:Wooden knife block
- Handle Material:Pakkawood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Sharpening rod included
- Price Range:Budget-friendly
- Additional Feature:Ergonomic pakkawood handles
- Additional Feature:Elegant gift box packaging
- Additional Feature:Precise 15° cutting angle
HOSHANHO 16-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set
If you’re looking for a versatile and durable knife set that can handle a wide range of kitchen tasks, the HOSHANHO 16-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set stands out as an excellent choice. It includes a variety of knives like chef, bread, carving, santoku, fillet, utility, paring, and steak knives, plus a sharpening rod and kitchen shears. All are stored in a ventilated block for safe, organized storage. The blades, made of high-quality Japanese stainless steel, are razor-sharp with a 15-degree angle, ensuring precise cuts. Comfortable pakkawood handles and easy maintenance make this set perfect for home cooks and professionals alike.
- Blade Material:Japanese 10Cr15CoMoV stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:16 pieces
- Storage Type:Knife block with ventilation
- Handle Material:Pakkawood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Sharpening rod included
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Ventilation design block
- Additional Feature:Sharpening rod included
- Additional Feature:Professional-grade materials
HENCKELS 20-Piece German Knife Set with Block
The HENCKELS 20-Piece German Knife Set with Block stands out as an excellent choice for home chefs who want professional-grade tools without the hassle of frequent sharpening. Crafted with over a century of expertise, these stainless steel blades are ultra-sharp, stain-resistant, and easy to clean—dishwasher safe or hand wash. The set includes essential knives like chef, bread, paring, utility, boning, santoku, carving, and steak knives, plus a honing steel, shears, and a stylish block. Lightweight, balanced, and comfortable thanks to traditional triple-rivet handles, this set delivers precision and durability, making it a versatile, long-lasting addition to any kitchen.
- Blade Material:High-carbon stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:20 pieces
- Storage Type:Knife block with ventilation
- Handle Material:Ergonomic Pakkawood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Sharpening rod included
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Traditional triple-rivet handles
- Additional Feature:Stainless steel endcap
- Additional Feature:Wide variety of knives
Amazon Basics 18-Piece Stainless Steel Knife Set
When searching for a reliable, budget-friendly knife set that offers both quality and versatility, the Amazon Basics 18-Piece Stainless Steel Knife Set stands out. It features high-carbon stainless steel blades with serrated, plain, and straight edges, providing precision and lasting sharpness. The set includes seven kitchen knives, eight steak knives, kitchen scissors, and a knife sharpener, all housed in a sleek pine wood block. Ergonomic, full-tang, triple-riveted handles ensure comfort and control during use. Hand washing is recommended to maintain the blades’ integrity. With an average rating of 4.6 stars, it’s a popular choice for those seeking durability and value without breaking the bank.
- Blade Material:High-carbon stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:18 pieces
- Storage Type:Knife block
- Handle Material:Plastic handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Not specified
- Price Range:Budget to Mid-range
- Additional Feature:Includes knife sharpener
- Additional Feature:Ergonomic triple-riveted handles
- Additional Feature:Compact storage dimensions
DALSTRONG Gladiator 18pc Knife Set with Block
For serious home cooks and professional chefs alike, the DALSTRONG Gladiator 18pc Knife Set with Block offers a thorough collection of high-performance blades designed for precision and durability. Crafted from high-carbon German stainless steel, these knives feature stain resistance and razor-sharp edges at 16-18 degrees per side. The set includes essential knives like chef, santoku, bread, carving, and steak knives, all with comfortable, triple-riveted handles. Housed in an elegant Acacia wood block, it combines style with functionality. Backed by a lifetime warranty and high customer ratings, this set is a reliable, professional-grade choice for any kitchen.
- Blade Material:High-carbon German stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:18 pieces
- Storage Type:Wooden block
- Handle Material:ABS polymer handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:No built-in sharpener
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Elegant Acacia wood block
- Additional Feature:NSF certified knives
- Additional Feature:Heavy-duty forged blades
Dalstrong Gladiator Knife Block Set (5-Piece)
If you’re seeking a durable and versatile knife set that combines professional-grade performance with everyday convenience, the Dalstrong Gladiator Knife Block Set stands out. This 5-piece collection features a modular, multi-level block design for easy access and organization. Made from German high carbon steel with serrated, adjustable edges, these knives deliver sharpness and precision. The forged construction guarantees durability, while ergonomic handles provide comfort during use. NSF certified for safety and quality, this set is dishwasher safe, making cleanup simple. At around 8.6 pounds, it offers professional performance in a compact, stylish package perfect for both home cooks and chefs.
- Blade Material:High-carbon German stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:5 pieces
- Storage Type:Modular knife block
- Handle Material:Pakkawood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Sharpening rod included
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Luxurious gift box packaging
- Additional Feature:Lifetime warranty included
- Additional Feature:High-carbon German steel
WILDMOK 17-Piece Kitchen Knife Block Set
The WILDMOK 17-Piece Kitchen Knife Block Set stands out as an excellent choice for home cooks who want a versatile, durable, and stylish set that covers all their cutting needs. It includes a variety of knives, from paring and utility to bread, carving, and a chef’s knife, plus steak knives, a cleaver, bone chopper, shears, honing steel, and an acacia wood block. Made from high-quality German stainless steel with sharp, hand-polished edges, these knives deliver precision and lasting sharpness. The ergonomic pakkawood handles ensure comfort and slip resistance. Overall, this set offers great performance and style at an accessible price point.
- Blade Material:German stainless steel (X50CrMoV15)
- Number of Pieces:17 pieces
- Storage Type:Knife block with ventilation
- Handle Material:Pakkawood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Sharpening rod included
- Price Range:Mid-range
- Additional Feature:Forged from German stainless steel
- Additional Feature:Slip-resistant black handles
- Additional Feature:Replacements for issues
Henckels 20-Piece Knife Set with Block and Sharpener
The Henckels 20-Piece Knife Set with a sleek block and sharpener is an excellent choice for both professional chefs and home cooks who demand top-tier performance. Crafted from durable stainless steel, these knives feature ultra-sharp, stain- and rust-resistant blades that stay sharp longer. The set includes essential knives like paring, utility, santoku, chef, bread, carving, and steak knives, along with a honing steel, kitchen shears, and a bonus sharpener. Designed for comfort and balance with ergonomic handles and a full tang, this set offers precision for all your kitchen tasks while maintaining a stylish appearance. It’s dishwasher safe and built to last.
- Blade Material:Stainless steel (stainless, durable)
- Number of Pieces:20 pieces
- Storage Type:Knife block with storage
- Handle Material:Plastic handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:No built-in sharpener
- Price Range:Mid-range
- Additional Feature:Includes bonus sharpener
- Additional Feature:Traditional curved handles
- Additional Feature:Well-balanced design
McCook German Stainless Steel Knife Set with Sharpener
Designed for both professional chefs and home cooks, the McCook German Stainless Steel Knife Set with Sharpener offers an all-encompassing solution for maintaining razor-sharp blades effortlessly. This 15-piece set includes versatile knives like chef, slicing, santoku, utility, paring, steak knives, and kitchen shears, covering all your cooking needs. Made from forged, high-carbon German stainless steel, the blades resist tarnish and rust, ensuring long-lasting sharpness. The built-in sharpener in the wooden block keeps blades razor-sharp, while the balanced design and sturdy rubberwood block make handling easy and storage secure. It’s a reliable, durable set perfect for everyday kitchen tasks.
- Blade Material:Forged, high-carbon German stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:15 pieces
- Storage Type:Wooden block
- Handle Material:Wooden handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Built-in sharpener in block
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Space-saving rubberwood block
- Additional Feature:Heavy chopping capability
- Additional Feature:Taper grind technology
imarku 15-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set
If you’re seeking a versatile knife set that combines professional-grade performance with everyday convenience, the imarku 15-Piece Japanese Kitchen Knife Set is an excellent choice. Crafted from high-carbon, stain-resistant Japanese stainless steel, these knives are nitrogen-cooled for enhanced hardness, flexibility, and corrosion resistance. The blades are hand-polished and sharpened to 16° per side, ensuring scalpel-like precision and smooth cuts. The ergonomic full tang handles provide comfort and balance, reducing fatigue. Plus, the set includes a wooden block for easy storage and is dishwasher safe for quick cleanup. Overall, this set offers durability, sharpness, and style perfect for both home cooks and professionals.
- Blade Material:Japanese stainless steel (HRC57)
- Number of Pieces:14 pieces
- Storage Type:Wooden knife block
- Handle Material:Handle details not specified; likely composite
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:Guarantee included; sharpening not specified
- Price Range:Premium
- Additional Feature:Elegant gift box
- Additional Feature:Seamless full tang handles
- Additional Feature:Over 80 manufacturing steps
Damashiro 10-Piece Japanese Steel Knife Block Set
For home chefs and professionals seeking exceptional sharpness and durability, the Damashiro 10-Piece Japanese Steel Knife Block Set stands out with its fully forged blades crafted from premium Japanese stainless steel. These Damascus-inspired blades are sharpened through traditional Japanese leather processes, with double-bevel edges tapered to 15-20 degrees for precision cutting. Ice-hardened and tempered to 53 HRC, they deliver long-lasting sharpness and strength. The set features a sleek acacia wood block with a tempered glass window, adding elegance and practicality. Hand wash only to preserve performance, and enjoy the lifetime guarantee that underscores its quality and durability.
- Blade Material:High-carbon German stainless steel
- Number of Pieces:15 pieces
- Storage Type:Acacia wood block
- Handle Material:Pakkawood handles
- Sharpener/ Maintenance:No built-in sharpener; includes honing steel
- Price Range:Mid-range
- Additional Feature:Traditional Japanese leather sharpening
- Additional Feature:Damascus-inspired blade design
- Additional Feature:Tempered glass window in block
Factors to Consider When Choosing Knife Sets

When choosing a knife set, I focus on blade material quality, as it affects durability and sharpness. I also consider handle comfort and grip to ensure safe, comfortable use, along with the set’s versatility for different tasks. Finally, I look at storage options, maintenance needs, price, and warranty to get the best value for my money.
Blade Material Quality
Choosing the right knife set hinges considerably on the quality of its blade material, as this directly affects performance and longevity. High-carbon stainless steel blades are a popular choice because they offer excellent edge retention, durability, and resistance to rust and staining, keeping your knives sharp longer. Japanese steel with a hardness rating of 58-63 HRC provides superior toughness and can hold a fine edge through extensive use. Damascus steel blades combine layered patterns with high-quality materials, resulting in a beautiful, strong, and sharp blade. Powder metallurgy steel allows for precise heat treatment, making blades exceptionally hard, wear-resistant, and easy to sharpen. Overall, the steel quality and manufacturing process markedly influence how well a knife maintains sharpness and resists corrosion over time.
Handle Comfort & Grip
A comfortable and secure grip is vital for safe and efficient knife use. Ergonomic handles reduce hand fatigue and give you better control during extended chopping or slicing. Handles made from textured materials like pakkawood or rubber provide slip resistance, making your cuts safer. Full tang construction in handles offers improved balance and stability, which is essential for precision. A well-designed handle with a contoured shape fits naturally in your hand, enhancing grip security and reducing strain. Proper handle design not only improves comfort but also guarantees better maneuverability, helping to prevent slips and accidents in the kitchen. When choosing a knife set, prioritize handles that feel comfortable and secure, as they make a significant difference in your overall cutting experience.
Set Versatility & Range
A well-rounded knife set offers a variety of blades that can handle different tasks with ease, making your kitchen prep more efficient. Having a range that includes chef’s, paring, utility, serrated, and bread knives means you’re prepared for almost anything, from slicing delicate vegetables to cutting crusty bread. Including specialized knives like carving or boning tools boosts the set’s versatility for specific cooking needs. This variety not only saves you from buying individual knives later but also guarantees you can work more accurately and safely across different ingredients. A comprehensive range simplifies your workflow and makes meal prep faster and more enjoyable. Ultimately, a versatile set adapts to your cooking style, helping you tackle tasks with confidence.
Storage & Maintenance
Proper storage and maintenance are crucial for keeping your knives in top condition and ensuring they perform their best over time. Using a knife block or sheaths protects blades from damage and helps maintain their sharpness longer. I always hand wash my knives with warm, soapy water and dry them immediately to prevent rust and corrosion, which can shorten their lifespan. Dishwashers are a no-go for high-quality sets since the harsh detergents and heat can degrade both blades and handles. Regular honing keeps blades sharp, while occasional sharpening restores their edge. Choosing a set with easy-to-clean materials and secure storage options not only reduces clutter but also prolongs your knives’ lifespan. Proper care ultimately guarantees your investment stays in excellent shape for years.
Price & Warranty
When choosing a knife set, it’s essential to weigh the price against the quality, materials, and features included to guarantee you’re getting good value. A higher price often reflects better craftsmanship, durable materials, and useful extras, but it’s important to assess if the investment aligns with your needs. Equally important is the warranty; look for coverage that protects against defects and covers repairs or replacements within a specified period. A longer or lifetime warranty signals confidence from the manufacturer in its product’s durability. Be sure to review what the warranty covers—sharpening, blade integrity, handles—and any conditions for claims. Comparing warranty terms across sets helps identify which offers the best long-term support, giving you peace of mind with your purchase.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do Different Knife Sets Impact Cooking Efficiency?
Different knife sets greatly impact my cooking efficiency because quality blades make slicing, dicing, and chopping smoother and faster. Sharp, well-balanced knives reduce fatigue and improve precision, saving me time and effort. Having a variety of knives tailored to specific tasks helps me handle ingredients more confidently. Overall, investing in a good set transforms my cooking experience, making prep work quicker, safer, and more enjoyable.
What Maintenance Is Required for High-End Knife Sets?
Maintaining high-end knife sets is essential for their longevity and performance. I regularly hand wash mine with mild soap and dry them immediately to prevent rust and corrosion. I also hone my knives weekly to keep the edges sharp and occasionally sharpen them using a whetstone or professional service. Storing them properly in a knife block or on a magnetic strip also prevents blade damage and maintains their precision.
Are Premium Knife Sets Suitable for Beginner Chefs?
Absolutely, premium knife sets can be suitable for beginners if you’re willing to learn proper technique and maintenance. I recommend starting with a few essential knives and practicing safe handling. While they might seem expensive, their quality can make cooking easier and more enjoyable. Just remember, taking care of them with regular honing and proper storage guarantees they stay sharp and last for years.
How Do Knife Sets Vary in Terms of Warranty and After-Sales Support?
Oh, warranties and after-sales support—because who doesn’t love a good safety net? I’ve noticed that premium knife sets often boast longer warranties and dedicated support, making them feel more like investments than just tools. Cheaper sets might offer limited coverage or none at all, which can be a gamble. So, I always check the warranty details carefully, because nothing’s worse than a dull knife and no backup plan.
Can Knife Sets Be Customized for Specific Culinary Needs?
Absolutely, knife sets can be customized to fit specific culinary needs. I’ve seen chefs choose personalized handles, special blade types, or even add unique sharpening options. Many brands offer modular sets or custom orders, allowing you to select the exact knives you need for your cooking style. If you’re passionate about your craft, customizing your knives helps improve efficiency and comfort, making your kitchen experience truly tailored to you.
Conclusion
So, there you have it—your ultimate knife set lineup for 2026. Whether you’re a seasoned chef or just trying not to chop your fingers off, these knives promise to make your kitchen life prettier, sharper, and more impressive. Just remember, no knife set can turn you into a culinary genius overnight—unless you’re secretly a superhero. So go ahead, pick your weapon of choice and prepare to slice, dice, and maybe even impress your friends.













